Discuss the role of social medias influence (Twitter, Facebook, and Essay - 2

Talk about the job of social medias impact (Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube) in the lives of youngsters and youthful adolescents today - Essay Example The AACAP states that â€Å"60% of 13 to 17 years of age have at any rate one profile on a person to person communication site† (Aacap 1). Interpersonal interaction sites have a few highlights and one of the most significant highlights is news and data. Data accessible on these sites incorporates scholastic related data just as news with respect to recent developments (Strader 98). At the point when youngsters get to these highlights they wind up creating understanding with respect to what's going on in their general surroundings. This element even encourages them in learning more than what is offered at schools. Online networking is in any event, helping kids create and continue social connections. Web based life, for example, Facebook permits youngsters to discuss online with others including kids from their own schools. OKeeffe states that â€Å"social media permit teenagers to achieve different errands incorporating remaining associated with friends† (OKeeffe 1). This helps youngsters in staying in steady contact with companions consistently. This expansion in time went through with companions even prompts increment in the supporting of associations with people who exist in the virtual just as the physical world. Web based life is in any event, helping youngsters in keeping themselves engaged. Online life, for example, YouTube permits youngsters to share pictures, recordings, music and activities with other web based life clients (Harlen 122). YouTube helps youngsters in finding their main tunes and motion pictures and kids get to these engaging components to keep themselves occupied and engaged. Kids even offer their own recordings and tunes over YouTube to communicate before other online life clients. OKeeffe states that internet based life helps in the â€Å"enhancement of individual and aggregate innovativeness through turn of events and sharing of aesthetic and melodic endeavors† (OKeeffe 1). There are

Victorian Era

The Victorian Era During the Victorian Era, social classes of England were recently improving, and instigating. There was a stirring change of the old various leveled request, and the working classes were consistently developing. Added to that, the high societies' piece was changing from essentially inherited privileged to a blend of honorability and a rising well off business class. The meaning of what made somebody a man of his word or a woman was, consequently, changing at what some idea was a disturbing rate. Before the century's over, it was normal that an honorable man was somebody who had a liberal open (tuition based school) instruction, regardless of what his precursors may be. There kept on being an enormous and by and large disappointed common laborers, needing and gradually getting change and change. States of the regular workers were still awful, however, as the century progressed, three change charges slowly gave the vote to most guys beyond twenty one years old. Differentiating to that was the unpleasant truth of kid work which persevered all through the period. At the point when a bill was passed specifying that kids under nine couldn't work in the material business, this not the slightest bit applied to different enterprises, nor did it in any capacity check widespread teenaged prostitution. The Victorian Era was likewise a period of gigantic logical advancement and thoughts. Darwin took his Voyage of the Beagle, and placed the Theory of Evolution. The Great Exhibition of 1851 occurred in London, praising the specialized and mechanical advances of the age, and walks in medication and the physical sciences proceeded consistently. The extreme idea related with present day psychiatry started with men like Sigmund Feud around the finish of the period, and radical financial hypothesis, created by Karl Marx and his partners, started a second time of unrest in mid-century. The thoughts of Marxism, communism, woman's rights beat and rose alongside all else that occurred. The dress of the early Victorian time was like the Georgian age. Ladies wore bodices, balloonish sleeves and crinolines in the center 1840's. The crinoline flourished, and extended during the 50's and 60's, and into the 70's, until, finally, it offered path to the clamor. The clamor stood its ground until the 1890's, and turned out to be a lot littler, going out and out by the unfolding of the twentieth century. For men, following Beau Brummell's model, smokestack pants were the style toward the start of the century. Their ties, referred to then as cravats, and the different ways they may be tied could change, the styles of shirts, coats, and caps likewise, yet pants have remained. Consistently, it was beautiful for men to wear facial hair all things considered and depictions. The clean shaven look of the Regency was out, and mustaches, lamb cleave sideburns, Piccadilly Weepers, full whiskers, and Van Dykes were the request for the day. Because of the absence of current innovation that we have today, for example, TVs and the web, the Victorian period (the time where Queen Victoria ruled, this was somewhere in the range of 1837 and 1901 was eminent for acclaimed for the short stories that the creators of the time composed. The introduction of the railroad likewise occurred during the Victorian period and as one would expect, numerous individuals utilized it for transportation over significant distances. There were no TVs so now and again of fatigue and during these long train travels the individuals of the time relied exclusively upon books and short stories for diversion. The Ghost story sort end up being generally famous among the Victorian individuals. Toward the start of the nineteenth century in Britain, strict confidence and the sciences were for the most part observed to be in delightful understanding. This agreement among science and confidence, interceded by some type of religious philosophy of nature, kept on being the standard situation for most men of science straight up to the 1860’s, at any rate. Be that as it may, it came under danger. Numerous researchers scrutinized the strict importance of the Genesis and contradicted to the dictatorship of composed Christian religion. Charles Darwin was the one, who with his Origins of the Species in 1859, demonstrated things that couldn't go on without serious consequences by the Church. It pulled in boundless enthusiasm on distribution. The book was questionable on the grounds that it negated strict convictions that underlay the then present hypotheses of science, and it created a lot of conversation on logical, philosophical, and strict grounds. Obviously a more extended period needed to go to acknowledge Darwin’s thoughts, yet it affected the Christian psyche, it raised inquiries regarding the organization of the Church. The qualities that depended on religion were shaken incredibly also and the underlying foundations of the twentieth century’s look for new qualities could be begun from here. Perspectives toward qualities and ethics in those occasions additionally relied upon, which social class an individual had a place with. As the populace expanded, the hole between the lower and privileged societies became bigger and furthermore the distinctions in social conduct. Lower common laborers battled with regular day to day existence, enormous families frequently didn't have anything to eat, and kids needed to go working since the beginning. There, the ethics were attracted to the foundation. Despite the fact that, each lawful offense was rebuffed carefully, individuals frequently wound up taking, ransacking and killing. Urban areas were brimming with ghettos, cleanliness was non-existent and the drinking water spread illnesses. Among these conditions there was one principle that existed: to endure the day! Contradicting the upper classes’ tidiness, prostitution and kid work was not despised as a business for the average folks. Society all in all, was called and frequently discussed regarding the Victorian Era, didn't support them, didn't do anything for them, just loathed them. Victorian qualities incorporated a severe good code and a fixation on economic wellbeing. Privileged societies consistently preferred to lead their life in an excellent manner, respected the ethics profoundly and lived as needs be. Their occupation and social standing was to a great extent controlled by family foundation and social associations. We need to think about that the Victorian time was the one when taught and well off individuals realized that the period they were living in is incredible and society, if everybody in it lived by the Victorian qualities, could be cheerful. In spite of the fact that by glancing back at the manner in which they treated these qualities, the greater part of them appear to be two-faced. In their life religion, family, home, riches and demureness assumed a significant job and glad as they were of themselves of having a place with these incredible occasions, dismissed anybody whose life did not depend on these things. They were the fortunate ones that were taught and could without much of a stretch bear the cost of framing conclusions about the remainder of the general public, making references to ethics, making up their own and shaping the old ones too. The Victorian period got infamous for utilizing little youngsters in plants and mines and as fireplace clears. Kid work assumed a significant job in the Industrial Revolution from its start, regularly realized by financial hardship, Charles Dickens for instance worked at 12 years old in a blacking manufacturing plant, with his family in account holder's jail. The offspring of the poor were relied upon to help towards the family spending plan, frequently working extended periods of time in perilous occupations and low wages. In England and Scotland in 1788, 66% of the laborers in 143 water-controlled cotton factories were portrayed as kids. Deft young men were utilized by the smokestack clears; little kids were utilized to scramble under apparatus to recover cotton bobbins; and kids were likewise utilized to work in coal mineshafts to creep through passages excessively limited and low for grown-ups. Kids additionally filled in as task young men, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, or selling matches, blossoms and other modest products. 7] Some youngsters embraced function as understudies to decent exchanges, for example, building or as residential workers (there were more than 120,000 household hirelings in London in the mid eighteenth Century). Working hours were long: developers worked 64 hours per week in summer and 52 in winter, while hous ehold hirelings worked 80 hour weeks, youngsters worked from 12 to 16 hours every day; they frequently started working at six years old or seven. Youngsters must be beaten to shield them from nodding off while at work; regardless of this, many neglected to keep conscious and were ruined or executed. Guardians needed to submit to the curse of these outrages upon their kids, since they themselves were in a frantic situation. Experts had been tossed jobless by the machines; rustic workers were constrained to move to the towns by the Enclosure Acts, which utilized Parliament to make landowners more extravagant by making laborers down and out; worker's organizations were illicit until 1824; the administration utilized operators provocateurs to attempt to get progressive assessments out of breadwinners, who were then expelled or hanged. Such was the principal impact of apparatus in England. Kids as youthful as three were given something to do. A high number of youngsters likewise functioned as whores.. In coal mineshafts youngsters started work at five years old and by and large passed on before the age of 25. Numerous kids worked 16 hour days. As right on time as 1802 and 1819 Factory Acts were passed to control the working long stretches of workhouse kids in processing plants and cotton factories to 12 hours out of each day. These demonstrations were to a great extent inadequate and after radical unsettling. An imperial commission suggested in 1833 that kids matured 11â€18 should work a limit of 12 hours out of each day, youngsters matured 9â€11 a limit of eight hours, and kids younger than nine were no longer allowed to work. This demonstration anyway just applied to the material business, and further disturbance prompted another demonstration in 1847 constraining the two grown-ups and kids to 10 hour working days. By 1900, there were 1. 7 million youngster workers detailed in American industry younger than fifteen. The quantity of kids younger than 15 who worked in mechanical occupations for compensation moved to 2 million out of 1910. The acknowledged thinking was th

From Budget to Baller 6 Tips to Grow Your Money

From Budget to Baller 6 Tips to Grow Your Money From Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your Money From Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyIf you want an  investment portfolio, retirement fund and a boat, great! You can get it. But, youll need to  get your short-term finances together first. That means making a budget and building an emergency fund.We reached out to personal finance expert Angel Radcliffe (@MissRMBA), owner of  CAS Consultants, for some simple beginner’s advice. She gave us six great tips that will help any money newbie get the basics right today so you can start investing tomorrow.1. Budget“Work on your personal budget, Angel says. Before investing, you must learn to budget and save money for emergencies.”No matter what your financial goals are, it all starts with building a sensible budget. That way, you know how much money you’re spending as well as what you’re spending it on, and you can start making plans to rein in your expenses and set some of that money aside.If you think you need help building a budget, there are a ton of apps out there (some of which are totally free) that can help you through the process. To start your search, check out our Personal Finance App Directory, where we have an entire section on apps for budgeting.Angel also mentions saving money for emergencies, which is a  commonly overlooked part of building your long-term wealth. Starting and maintaining an emergency fundâ€"one where you’re not worried about accruing interest and can easily access the money when you need itâ€"gives your finances a crucial guardrail against unexpected expenses.Without money set aside for emergencies, you could end up dipping into your  savings to pay those bills, wiping out all your hard work. And that’s not even the  worst thing that could happen. If you don’t have an emergency fund or an investment account, you could end up in the clutches of a predatory lender. An emergency fund will help protect you from unsafe bad credit loans, like payday loans and title loans,  which can trap you in dangerous cycle of d ebt.2. Pay Yourself FirstThe point of a budget isn’t just to track your spending, it’s to change the way you spend entirely. When you make a budget, you should be curbing your expenses and setting aside those extra funds for saving and investments. After all, you can’t start investing if you’re spending every dollar you earn. Angel advises, “Control your spending and personal debt; this allows you to know how much room you have to invest.”This brings us to a little principle called “Pay Yourself First,” which is a way to reorder how you approach budgeting. Rather than waiting until the end of the budgeting process to see how much money you can square away, make it your first priority. You’re paying “yourself” just like youre paying your landlord or your credit card company or your electricity provider. You’re treating your own financial well-being with the importance it deserves.Another helpful tip for managing your budget priorities is to follow the 50/30/20 . According to this rule, you spend 50 percent of your budget on “needs” like rent, utilities, groceries, etc; you spend 30 percent of your budget on “wants” like dining out, going to the movies, and new clothes; and you spend 20 percent of your budget on your savings and your investments.Not everyone is going to be able to stick exactly to those ratios. But if you can get your budget close, you’re going to be set-up for long-term financial success.(For more on Pay Yourself First, check out our free course How to Save on OppUâ€"our personal finance curriculum. We included the Pay Yourself First content from Lesson 4 below. Check it out or visit OppU for more!)Sweep Away Your Debt With a Debt Avalanche3. Save Every Way You Can!You know how people say “there’s no such thing as free money?” Well, generally that’s true. But when it comes to an employer 401k matching program, your employer is literally offering you free money. It’s an exception that you should be taki ng full advantage of.It works like this: Your employer pledges to match any contribution you make up to a certain amount, usually expressed as a percentage of your paycheck. For example, an employer offering a 3 percent match will be matching any funds you put into your account up to 3 percent of your paycheck.That money will accrue interest over time, and while it might not accrue a lot per year, that interest will really add up over the course of 30 to 50 yearsâ€"just in time for you to start withdrawing funds after you retire.If your employer’s offering matching funds, then do everything in your power to make the room in your budget. It’s as simple as that.“Take advantage of your employer 401k match program, Angel says. Contribute the max if possible. No free money left behind!”Obviously, if you don’t work a job where your employer offers a 401k retirement savings account with matching funds, this won’t apply to you. But for those of you who do, this advice is a must. 4. Make your money work!“Once you have a flow of saving and paying bills timely, Angel says, see how much more you can contribute to investing, maybe an additional  one to five percent into an IRA and/or stocks.”It’s important that you take care of your emergency funds and your cash flow before you worry about investing. Failing to build up those funds or forgetting to pay a bill on time could lead to immediate financial trouble. It could negatively impact your credit or even lead to you taking out one or more sketchy no credit check loans from an unsavory lender.Make a schedule that lets you know when all your bills are due. Set reminders on your phone and on your digital calendar. Better yet, automate your bills through your bank’s online portal. That way, even if you forget to pay a bill, it’ll still get paid.(This doesn’t mean that you should stop paying attention to your bills. It’s just a very handy stop-gap in case you forget.)Cash flow is all about having the m oney you need when you need it.  If you have too many bills that are due during a single period try calling your lender or utility company and arranging a new due date. Most of them will be happy to help you, especially if you have a good payment history.Once you’ve built up your savings to account for unforeseen expenses, look at diverting some of those funds towards investments or see where else you can tweak your budget to free up additional monies. If you’ve gotten this far into the process, you should already be a budgeting master. As Angel advises, look  to contribute an additional one to five percent.While you could put that money directly into your 401k, most financial advisors will tell you to invest it elsewhere. 401ks are great for getting those matching funds, but their lower interest yields mean that your additional money might be more useful elsewhere.If you’re already maxing out your matching funds or your employer doesn’t offer a 401k, you should look at ope ning an individual investment account or IRA. The yearly contribution limit for an IRA is $5,500, or $6,500 for people over 50. Depending on the type of account, you can either contribute money post-tax or you can use pre-tax dollars which you’ll then pay tax on when you withdraw the funds down the road. Another option besides an IRA is to invest in stocks.5. Be Realistic.Youve budgeted, built up a savings, and gotten your arms around all your bills and expenses. Excellent! You  are now  in the enviable position to  be able to invest some of your income. This is great news! But make sure your expectations are realistic. Angel cautions that we should, Understand investing is a risk and may not always be a reward.”    This is especially true when it comes to investing in in the stock market.When you are making an investment or buying stock in the company, you are doing so with the expectation that your investment will grow. However, there is  always the chance that your investment won’t yield any results at all.Even relatively safe accounts like a 401k or a Roth IRA or a pension are subject to changes in the stock market. Remember in 2008 when the stock market tanked and all those folks had their retirement savings decimated? Hopefully, we wont see another crash like that in our lifetime, but its certainly possible.Investing can come with great rewards, but that’s only because it also carries risk. Remember that.6. Get Coaching.If you’re reading this article, you’re probably hoping for a 100 percent DIY solution to your problem. But even if you can make great progress on your own, it’s still advisable to talk with a real financial professional. Angel recommends it too: “Speak with an advisor or financial professional to gain a better understanding.”Check with your bank or credit card companies to see if they offer any free sessions with an advisor. You can also look for local programs in your community. Once you’ve found someone, make sure to check online to see whether or not other people have had a good experience.Even if you have to pay for a session with a financial advisor, it could still be a very worthwhile investment. Make sure you come in prepared, ask a lot of questions, and help them help you get on the path to a brighter financial future.What questions do you have about getting to the next financial level? We want to know!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsAngel Radcliffe,  (@MissRMBA) MBA is a Public Speaker, Author, Motivator Entrepreneur.  She is the owner of  CAS Consultants, a boutique consulting firm in Dallas, TX focusing on ‘Empowering Entrepreneurs Through Financial Management’. Ms. Radcliffe is a recipient of the National Financial Educators Award is dedicated to educating the community on Financial Literacy â€" Credit Budget Management for Consumers Small Businesses.

The Self Reference Effect On Mother - 1498 Words

The extensibility of the self-reference effect to mother Organism used the sense of self to distinguish itself from the immediate external environment (Neisser, 1988). The idea of ‘extended self’ suggested that the self was not limited to the body but also incorporate with self-relevant information (Kim Johnson 2012). The self-object associations was developed as far back as early childhood, which showed that ownership was important in cognition (Cunningham, Turk, Macdonald, Macrae, 2008). Three research have investigated the association between ownership and cognition. In the study done by Cunningham et al. (2008), participants took part in a shopping experiment. They were required to move the stimulus items into a basket owned by self or a basket owned by another participant. The memory for items in both baskets was assessed. They found that participants were significantly recognized more of the objects that moved to the self-owned basket than to the other-owned basket. The pattern of the improvement in recognition memory was similar to the self-reference effect. The self-reference effect suggested that information encoded with reference to ‘self’ enjoyed a memory advantage compared with the information related to another person because of the enrichment in the representations of the self-relevant objects, and hence the recognition and the memory was improved (Cunningham et al., 2008). In the study done by Kim and Johnson (2012), participants participated in theShow MoreRelatedIs The Self Reference Effect More Effective On Children s Memory Rather Than Adults?1733 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Self Reference Effect More Effective On Children’s Memory Rather Than Adults? Madison Herley Professor Cooke General Psychology 101 April 21, 2016 Abstract The study will investigate the self reference effect with two different age groups. The two age groups will be young and older adults, trying to obtain material. 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In fact, Jane Collingwood acknowledged in her article, â€Å"The Importance of Friendship,† that â€Å"friendship is more than five times as important as physical intimacy within

Essay On Yellow Journalism - 1890 Words

Yellow journalism was a major issue in the late 1890s during the Spanish-American War. The purpose of yellow journalism is to use headlines and report sensational events that draws the attention of the audience in order to sell more newspapers, even if the facts used were not legitimate. Yellow journalism came to an end with the development of objective journalism, which reports facts that are not biased. With the rise of social media, yellow journalism and â€Å"fake news† are making a comeback and becoming a â€Å"norm† in modern society. The rise of social media is contributing to the amount of yellow journalism and fake news that is occurring, which is ultimately leading to party polarization. Yellow journalism originated in the 19th century†¦show more content†¦Objective journalism originated in response to yellow journalism. Objective journalism is reporting facts rather than opinions and presents both sides of the partisan debate. Objective journalism be came the new norm of society and ultimately eliminated most of yellow journalism. With the development of cable television and FM radio, the news began to take a more partisan role and led to the increase of party polarization, which is the further divide between Republicans and Democrats. With the rise of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, the creation of â€Å"fake news† is becoming imminent. Today, news organizations are using the tactics of yellow journalism in politics to gain the attention of the audience and provide false facts that produce a major response from the viewers. Ideas and propaganda material are able to spread faster and to a wider range of people through social media. Much of this material is â€Å"fake news† that usually discredits one of the political parties, Republicans or Democrats. With the wide spread of this negativity toward one party, the opposing party strengthens its ideals and ultimately leads to increased party polarization. The journal, Correlating Political Polarization and Spread of Misinformation, by Manoel Horta Ribeiro, claims that social media is contributing to an increase in party polarization due to the increasingShow MoreRelatedEssay on What ´s Yellow Journalism?748 Words   |  3 PagesYellow journalism is a writing style that used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole to sell millions of newspapers. But the number of newspapers selling went up drastically after the blowing up of the battleship USS Maine. At 9:30 on February, 15 the USS Maine sinks in Havana Harbor. This starts the Spanish American War. Then newspaper owners William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer began having the sinking of the USS Maine all over the front pages. 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The question raised in this essay is â€Å"Has the media shown news accurately, fairly or even completely?† And â€Å"How has it brought down the economy†. Throughout this essay I will look into the media and its influences that it has on politics, Its Government and the economy that surrounds itself within it. The history of Canada’s economics begins withRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Reporting944 Words   |  4 Pages Journalism has come a long way since its early time, but has remained the same fundamentally. This essay will explain the different types of eras in reporting the news, starting from the colonial era all the way to what is currently called the modern era of reporting. This will also define the terms of the Penny Press, Jazz journalism, Yellow journalism, and Muckraking to its specific era. In 1690, Benjamin Harris published the first American newspaper. 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This will be accomplishedRead MoreMidterm Review Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesConsequence†©of†©having†©no†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgatekeepers’†©on†©the†©Internet†© Characteristics†©of†©newspapers†©in†©early†©America†© Know†©the†©definition†©of†©the†©Ã¢â‚¬ËœFirst†©Amendment’†©to†©the†©Constitution†© Relation†©of†©literacy†©to†©mass†©media†© Definition†©of†©the†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpenny†©press’†© Know†©what†©is†©meant†©by†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœyellow†©journalism’†© Predicted†©features†©of†©the†©future†©newspaper†© What†©is†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmuckraking’?†© What†©were†©the†©three†©types†©of†©magazines†©that†©evolved†©between†©WWI†©and†©WWII?†© Time†©and†©TV†©Guide†©are†©examples†©of†©which†©type†©of†©magazine?†© Significance†©of†©the†©book†©Ã¢â‚¬ËœUncle†©Tom’s†©Cabin’†© Read MoreEvolution And Devolution Of The Mass Media994 Words   |  4 Pagescontradictory to the original intent of the First Amendment. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, journalism was obtained through almost exclusively print media which was the dominant form of media at the time. Print media consists of books, newspapers, newsletters, and magazines. The earliest forms of print media began with The Federalist papers which were a collection of articles and essays written by James Madison, post Articles of Confederation in order to promote the ratification of theRead More Politics and the Media Essay2295 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscussion and controversy in recent years (Davis, 1). The question raised in this paper is, Does the media present the news fairly, accurately, and completely? The short answer is no, the long answer will be examined throughout the following essay. This essay will examine the media and its influence and effects on politics and government. Publick Occurrences was the first newspaper to appear in colonial America. This publication begins the history of the media and its effects on politics andRead MoreAl Jazeera and CNN1741 Words   |  7 Pageschallenged the CNN because it has juxtaposed itself with the few media conglomerates that have monopolized the market and they have highlighted the profit media outlets tendency to â€Å"emphasize or ignore stories to serve their corporate purpose† 3. This essay will unpack the issues that accompany the journalistic trends and what drives these trends in both the non-profit media outlet Al Jazeera and the profit media outlet CNN. It will discuss the issues that an emphasis on profits have on the public sphere

Antigone as a Feminist Icon Free Essays

Antigone as a Feminist Icon Male authority is a dominant theme in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone. † Men occupied the land, ruled the towns and assigned the women duties to perform. Antigone, however, believed that she was just as strong as the men who ruled society during that time, which led to her downfall. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone as a Feminist Icon or any similar topic only for you Order Now The goal of the feminist movement has generally been to seek equality between the sexes. Through the women’s movement, women have won the right to vote, and can now compete for traditionally male roles in the workplace. Although the feminist movement has largely taken place during the last 200 year, many figures in history have embodied characteristics of the contemporary feminist, such as the character of Antigone in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone. † Antigone’s introduction as a feminist is within the context of a fiercely sexist civilization. Sophocles paints a vivid portrait of a male dominated society. In 442 BC, women believed that they were inferior to men because men held power and influence over the people and the cities. The patriarchy consisted of men who considered themselves of higher importance and standing, and men who would assign women duties and expect them to perform without question. This authoritarian rule placed women in a subordinate role and extinguished any hopes of power. In the face of this efficiently and tightly controlled agency, Antigone rebels with what Catherine Holland describes as an â€Å"otherness† and an â€Å"anti-authoritarian† bent. Her very existence as the protagonist and, simultaneously, the antagonist defines her character as the adversary of man and thereby the adversary of the world. Antigone’s razor sharp temerity captures the spirit of modern and nascent feminism as she slashes the societal fabric into which she is woven. Antigone’s relationship with her sister Ismene also acutely expresses her feminist attributes. Ismene says â€Å"You ought to realize we are only women, not meant in nature to fight against men, and that we are ruled by those who are stronger. † These words provide insight into the female animus. Antigone confronts the difficult situation of whether or not to bury her brother Polynices against the wishes of her uncle, Creon the king. Ismene believes that women, including herself and Antigone, should not and cannot disobey Creon’s orders by burying their own brother. Antigone disagrees and decides to proceed with her plan. Her divergent thought puts her at odds with her entire family and her own survival. This speaks to the power of feminist thought. Antigone shines as a beacon for her contemporaries and for future generations who aspire to emulate her courage and honor. Vital to the play is Antigone’s conflict with Creon. Her resolute feminist ideology is perhaps most profound in regards to her interaction and relationship with her misogynistic and powerful uncle, the King of Thebes. Creon is a central patriarchal figure in society, and he renounces his beliefs in order to follow the laws of man. He values the laws of man above all other creeds, be they religious or moral. Conversely, Antigone follows the laws of the gods. She holds these principals paramount to the laws of Creon. When her mores, in particular, her family values, are impugned by the oppressive, myopic laws of the day, Antigone clashes with the intolerable, indulgent influence of Creon. With a fearless countenance she collides with Creon in a representative â€Å"battle of the sexes. † Creon forbids the burial of Antigone’s brother Polynices, which vexes the core of her family values. This profound allegiance compels her to disregard her place in society, while concurrently adhering to the traditional duty of women of that era. She now embodies a complicated and dynamic actor in her own story and the narrative of feminist thought. Antigone manifests the apogee of human probity, including fortitude and approbation for the gods. The law of the gods mandate that a proper burial right be given to a body. To Antigone this was more salient than Creon’s declaration otherwise. She reserves a traditional role as a woman; while also brazenly confronting this image. Challenging him through word and deed, she verbally criticizes him and ignores his decree against burying her brother. Creon becomes enraged by this rejection of his autonomy and condemns Antigone to death. Even though Creon knows that Antigone is the daughter of Jocasta, he knows that he must consummate his judgment to conserve his command over and respect of the people of Thebes. This battle between chauvinism of Creon and the conscious of Antigone sets the stage for the new king to secure his role as a strong and worthy leader. If he is feared and admired, he will be confirmed as the sublime authoritative force in Thebes. His deference to the state will engender the obedience of the people. Creon’s derisive manipulation to coerce others conflicts with Antigone’s courageous challenge to his leadership. Many of the men of Thebes embraced Creon’s bold assertions against women. As a model of defiance, Antigone is used to set an example to all of Thebes. Antigone is not only the first woman but first person whom intentionally defies Creon’s order to not bury her brother, who has been acknowledged a traitor to Thebes. Creon refuses to humble himself before others, or compromise on the issue but most importantly with women. He states that it is † Better to fall from power, if fall we must, at the hands of a man-never to rated inferior to a woman, never†. Antigone does not give Creon additional respect based on the fact that he a man in patriarchal society or because he is king. Rather she argues that there shall be equality under God and the equality among all of the sexes. Antigone makes it clear to Ismene that she will take action relating to their brother regardless if Ismene agrees or not. Although they argue, there difference in opinion stand out in the end. Antigone is brave enough to stand firm on her decision and although Ismene is far too weak to defy the kings laws, she still feels as if she holds somewhat of a responsibility towards her sister. Without the help of her sister, Iseme, Antigone is willing to put her life at risk in order to provide for her brother and give him what deserves as far as the what the Gods say should be done. Despite Creon, Antigone is willing to test male authority although it may mean not fulfilling her duties as a sister. Ismene states: â€Å"Remember we are women, we’re not born to contend with men. Then too, we’re underlings, ruled by much stronger hands, so we must submit in this, and things still worse†. These words express Ismene’s extreme fear of subordination towards men. It shows her viewpoint on how the laws restricted the lives of woman and inferiority men placed upon women. A sense of responsibility is place upon Ismene to die with her sister as the the result of Antigone’s plea for help and her fear of being without family. When Creon spoke to Haemon, about the actions of his fiance, he strongly stresses the importance of obligations and the relationships of a man to his father over his wife. Furthermore, he emphasizes the position of males in judgment making by stating, â€Å" Oh Haemon, never loose your sense of judgment over a woman† Haemon’s defiance to his father lead Creon to proclaim him a â€Å"woman’s slave,† a man who is unfortunately sided with a woman. Creon had strong belief that these types of actions were close to committing a sin. If Antigone had been born the son of Oedipus, Creon would not have the authority to choose, as his crown would rest upon Antigone’s head. If Antigone were a male and Creon had been king, the possibility of her opinion on Polynices burial may have been considered. However, Antigone’s femininity made her situation more problematic than it was, as the King completely overlooked Antigone’s judgment over the matter. In conclusion, Antigone validates feminist opinions in numerous ways. She begins to challenge society by her existence in the establishment of a dominant male society guided by her own uncle. Antigone defies her own sister and her own mortality as she stays loyal to her beliefs regardless of Creon’s devotion to his own laws. Antigone as a woman, acted out in obligation as a duty for her family and for the Gods. Her integrity serves as an example for her society. Antigone faced her mortality head on, which suggest that she possesses a strong characteristic of bravery and obstinacy. Her legacy will live on to inspire many other insurgents to take a stand on their principles. Antigone’s solid feminist stance as a rebelling and male-controlled dictator shows that individualistic thinking and actions can be very powerful in both past and present modern day society. Works Cited Amacher, Richard E. â€Å"Antigone: â€Å"The Most Misread of Ancient Plays†. † National Council of Teachers of English 20. 7 Apr. (1959): 355-58. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/372655;. Holland, Catherine A. â€Å"After Antigone: Women, the Past, and the Future of Feminist Political Thought. † American Journal of Politcal Science 42. Oct. (1998): 1108-32. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. Jstor. org/stable/2991851;. Klemperer, Klemens V. â€Å"†What is the Law That Lies behind These Words? † Antigones Question and the German Resistance against Hitler. † The Chicago Press 64 Dec. (1992): S102-11. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/2124971;. Knapp, Charles. â€Å"A Point in the Interpretation of the Antigone o f Sophocles. † The American Journal of Philology 37. 3 (1916): 300-16. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. jstor. org/stable/849663;. Schilb, John, and John How to cite Antigone as a Feminist Icon, Essay examples

Management Control Systems for Culture- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Control Systems for OrganizationalCulture. Answer: Introduction An organization with a flexible culture is in a position to perform other innovations, have a wide-range of decision-making, and is in a place to change its strategic direction to develop its businesses (Heinicke, Guenther, Widener, 2016). Flexibility in an organization has influenced the use of the four levers of control as below; Belief system reflects the vision, mission, and the ethics of a commercial enterprise to understand the goals of a firm (Alvesson, Sveningsson, 2015). Flexibility in the climate and culture of a firm leads to change in the values and beliefs of employees, which focuses on what workers worship may it be innovation or risk-taking. Thus, flexibility leads to a great future culture that motivates employees to behave differently. Interactive control creates a significant conversation across the organization and enhances exchange at all levels, and focuses on a single issue but not turning a blind eye to other problems. With flexibility, management layers are reduced, making the employees self-reliant. This distributes the power of decision making to the workers. Thus, the responsiveness of a firm is enhanced. Boundary systems give a clear view of what the organization is not supposed to do. It helps reduce the time spent in researching in new opportunities that will never be pursued by the firm. However, with a flexible organizational culture, the team contribute their expertise to the achievement of a given goal or process of an organization. The employees are called upon to innovate, thus meet the market demand and improve their morale by becoming more invested in the job they perform. Diagnostic control focuses on the power of feedback to identify if a system is in control or not and is steadily reviewed in formal meetings. A flexible organization structure enables employer and employees to obtain feedback about their performance in a manner that is constructive and helpful. Where the system is out of control, an action is put in place to resolve it. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Heinicke, A., Guenther, T. W., Widener, S. K. (2016). An examination of the relationship between the extent of a flexible culture and the levers of control system: The key role of beliefs control.Management Accounting Research,33, 25-41.

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur through being innovative and intelligent in terms of finance and business management with the chief purpose to transform creativity, innovation and originality into economic productivity (De Bruin and Dupuis 4).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Entrepreneurship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, the most common form of entrepreneurship is that of setting up a new business. Mostly, entrepreneurship activities vary depending with the category of organization and the level of innovativeness involved. As such, this research paper will assess and make an in-depth analysis of entrepreneurial techniques in order to understand the whole concept of entrepreneurship in general. Discussion Internal and external factors of Entrepreneurship. In business, there are both negative and positive factors that affect the performance of any business; these factors are eve nts and situations which impact the business in diverse ways; such factors can generally be referred as environmental factors or driving factors. Environmental driving factors can be subdivided into two categories; internal and external driving factors. Internal factors are those forces that impact the business internally or within an organization but can be influenced by the organization. For an example, the internal driving factors can include; technological competence, management system, financial supervision, organization background and employees ability among other factors (De Bruin and Dupuis 43). While external factors are those driving forces outside the organization and can not be controlled in anyway by the organization. Examples of external driving factors include; outside competition, demographic factors, political influence, and economical situation among other factors (De Bruin and Dupuis 51). All driving factors influence changes in any business and therefore for succ ess in the business, it is important to know how such changes are occurring which might include, increase or reduction of business competition, increase in business economy, political influence and change in customer behavior. Such factors may also affect the products in terms of its demand since customers would prefer unique products. Theory of entrepreneurship. There are numerous theories explaining the concept of entrepreneurship and examples includes; sociological theories, economical entrepreneurship innovation theory, and motivation theory among others. The entrepreneurship innovation theory was developed by Joseph Schumpeter (De Bruin and Dupuis 77). According to Schumpter he believes that an entrepreneur facilitates the process of economical progression in any given economy.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also argues that, a good entrepreneur is the one who hol ds the opinion of creativity, innovations and is always ambitious. The theory basis it argument in the fact that, an entrepreneur who incorporates new products, integrates new techniques, opens new avenues of marketing, develops new supply sources of raw material and makes new organization strategies is a genuine and successful entrepreneur (De Bruin and Dupuis 89). Role of theories in understanding entrepreneurs. Different theories are appropriate at different stages of entrepreneurial growth and therefore diverse theories should always be applied in different context; for instance, economical theories influence business expectations while the sociological theories are applicable in assessing entrepreneurial performance at different stages (Virtanen 6). The knowledge of different theories in entrepreneurship equips an entrepreneur with high levels of creativity and innovativeness, quality management abilities and the business expertise. Conclusion In conclusion, it’s clear t hat a good entrepreneur should apply the concept of originality through being innovative and applying creativity of the highest level in order to incorporate new business techniques. On the other hand, through understanding, different theories of entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur can be able to learn innovation, creativity, management skills, and the business know-how which are essential characteristics for success in business (Virtanen 2). Work Cited Entrepreneur.com. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice.2001. Web.18th August 2011 https://www.entrepreneur.com/ De Bruin, Anne Dupuis, Ann. Entrepreneurship: new perspectives in a global age. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, 2003. Print. Virtanen, Markku. The role of different entrepreneurship theories. 2011. Web.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Entrepreneurship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article on Entrepreneurship was written and submitted by user Enzo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Entrepreneurship

Why Levitt’s Analysis is Awry Essays

Why Levitt’s Analysis is Awry Essays Why Levitt’s Analysis is Awry Essay Why Levitt’s Analysis is Awry Essay In chapter 3 of Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, Levitt demonstrates how false predictions are often led by conventional wisdom and why drug dealers still live with their moms. I agree with the author that conventional wisdom is often wrong or plainly insufficient to answer many important questions.   Crime did not keep on soaring in the 1990s, money alone does not help politicians win elections, and drinking eight glasses of water a day has never actually been shown to do a thing for one’s health.   Conventional wisdom is often shoddily formed and devilishly difficult to see through as it is associated closely with confusion of association and causation and also fallacy of composition.   While it is true that a healthy person may drink eight glasses of water each day, it does not necessarily mean that drinking eight glasses of water a day is good for one’s health.   Association and causation are entirely different.   Just like smoking cigarettes does not necessarily cause cancer – simply because two events are associated (in time, for example), it does not necessarily follow that one is the cause and the other is the effect.à ‚   People often confuse association and causation become it is convenient to assume that the apparent, easy answers are the correct ones.   The erroneous view that what is good or true for the individual is necessarily good or true for the group is another example of conventional wisdom that cannot be explained by reality in all its manifestations.   All the same, it is very convenient for people to just accept conventional wisdom, especially while the media and advertisement are also enforcing it.   This is one of the reasons why most people in the world do not turn into scientists. Indeed, it is possible to analyze the truth or untruth of conventional wisdom by asking the right questions.   There even exists a basic procedure that is used in many scientific works to avoid conventional wisdom in building and testing theories.   The procedure follows a set of guidelines.   First, the researcher decides what it is that he or she wants to explain or predict.   Second, the researcher identifies the variables that he or she believes are important to what he or she would like to explain or predict.   Third, the assumptions of the theory must be stated.   Fourth, the hypothesis must be stated.   Fifth, the theory must be tested by comparing its predictions against real-world events.   Sixth, it is recognized that if the evidence supports the theory, no further action is necessary, although it is a good idea to continue to examine the theory closely.   Seventh, if the evidence rejects the theory, the researcher must either formulate a new theory or ame nd the old theory in terms of its variables, assumptions, and hypothesis.   As an example, a researcher may have predicted that the housing market would experience a boom in the coming years.   If this does not happen, he or she is required to change the old theory or create a new one altogether.   But it if happens, the researcher would be required to continue monitoring the conditions of the market to actually prove his or her hypothesis.   The fact that the housing market actually experiences a boom does not necessarily imply that the boom will create economic growth or not turn into a slump soon enough, thereby invalidating all growth processes expected for the boom period, and which had supported the boom theory of the researcher. Bearing in mind the various stages of scientific analysis, I disagree that the drug dealers still live with their moms – as Levitt proves in chapter 3 – because they have incentives other than making profits that compel them to work at lower than the minimum wage for such a high risk job.   I believe that the main motivation for countless people who are willing to do such risky jobs is high profits for sure.   Considering the costs and benefits, as Levitt demonstrated in chapter 3; the marginal benefits for the foot soldiers to sell drugs are much smaller than the marginal costs, if indeed the income of drug dealers is very low while drug dealing is a very high risk job.   There seems to be no incentive for the foot soldiers to perform a high risk job for low incomes.   Only those who are drug addicts already may accept the job because of their poor mental condition as well as the fact that they need the drugs to keeping entering their bodily systems.   Moreov er, the marginal costs continue to increase as the longer they sell drugs on the street the more chances there are for them to get caught or shot.   Marginal benefits, on the other hand, continue to decrease.   Seeing that the marginal benefits will never equal the marginal costs, there is definitely no efficiency in drug dealing.   If Levitt is correct to state that the drug dealers are working at lower than minimum wage, then no one would want to sell drugs as human beings are rational but selfish, and risk- and effort- averse. It is important to consider the four meaningful factors that determine a wage – which Levitt uses to explain why the typical prostitute earns more than the typical architect.   The factors help explain why the typical drug dealer actually earns a high wage.   Just as little girls do not typically grow up dreaming of becoming prostitutes, individuals cannot be expected to grow up dreaming of becoming drug dealers and ending up being imprisoned or killed.   The skills of the drug dealers, while not necessarily specialized, are practiced in a very specialized context.   The job is unpleasant because of the high chances faced by the drug dealers of being imprisoned and getting killed.   Yet, the demand for service that the job fulfills is extremely large.   The office of national drug control policy has estimated that Americans spent $140 billion on illegal drugs in 1990 and about 1 in 15 Americans aged 12 and over currently uses drugs.   The estimates for worldwide drug use may also be considered to get a clearer picture of the demand situation for drugs.   After all, drug supply around the world is part of a global business with innumerable links. The incentives for the street drug dealers that Levitt demonstrated in chapter 3 do not apply to the majority of drug dealers in the United States.   The examples of drug dealers that he used are only the poor black people who have grown up in a housing project on Chicago’s south side.   To them the path to a decent legitimate job was practically invisible and crack dealing was a glamour profession.   If the same sampling bias is used on the prostitutes, they would be impossibly earning more than the architect.   Just as the typical prostitute earns more than the typical architect, the typical drug dealer earns more than most people sitting behind office desks.   Many teenage drug dealers have managed to earn well enough to be able to afford private art schools and nice cars.   Furthermore, many of the drug dealers are able to lead lives of luxury.   It is the type of neighborhood that they sell drugs in that makes the biggest difference in their lifestyles.   In other words, it is the business environment and the income of the consumers in their immediate market that actually determines whether drug dealers would live with their moms or in their personal mansions.   After all, the drug dealer who sells drugs to the rock stars and movie stars in Hollywood is not expected to live with his or her mom, while the drug dealer who deals in the tenderloin in San Francisco probably would. Levitt also compared the crack dealing business with the entertainment business in the sense that a lot of people are competing for a very few prizes in these businesses.   Criminals, like everyone else, would like to believe that maybe one day they would become the leaders of the crack cocaine dealing business and afford to lead lives of luxury.   This coincides with my belief that the monetary factor is what actually drives the drug dealers.   Levitt explained that crack dealing is similar to the glamour professions, whether they concern the movies or sports, although there is a different dynamic at play.   Swarms of bright young people throw themselves at grunt jobs that pay poorly and demand unstinting devotion as they all have to play the same game viewed as a tournament.   In the entertainment industry, like all other highly competitive industries, the workers at the bottom are poorly paid.   At the same time, however, people are usually willing to work long and har d so that they can move up and eventually get paid more.   The high-school quarterback, infamous actors and actresses, as well as musicians and designers may earn lower than the minimum wage before hitting big.   Thus, before the drug dealer or the entertainer is made famous, he or she must be poorly paid. Drug dealing is the opposite of many competitive industries in a variety of ways, despite the fact that it shares important business principles with them, e.g. the quest to maximize profits.   There is no dearth of jobs in the drug business, as the demand is extremely huge.   Additionally, there is very high risk attached to the job, while the job itself does not make the drug dealers proud.   Needless to say, people are not expected to be attracted to drug dealing as a job unless they are drug addicts who do not mind the risks.   Hence, it is important to consider the labor supply of the market for drugs.   As the demand is extremely large and inelastic because cocaine and crack are very addictive, the prices of the drugs are higher then the equilibrium price.   Levitt mentioned that cocaine is, indeed, very expensive.   It is but commonsense that the selling of cocaine must yield high profits.   Indeed, this is the very incentive for which the labor supply increases . This is also the strong incentive that causes the drug business to expand.   After all, the drug business is virtually uncontrollable and constantly expanding throughout the world.   Oscar Danilo Blandon helped to establish a link between Colombian cocaine cartels and inner-city crack merchants.   According to his explanation, the supply curve shifted outwards as the price of relevant resources decreased because there was no middle man.   Thus, the invention of crack as the invention of a new technology resulted in increased supply.   The drug dealers around the globe are making bigger profits than the technology experts perhaps.   People continue to be more driven to sell drugs. Drugs dealers do, indeed, make a lot of money. They still live with their moms because the nature of this business involves high risks.   Thus, it is very unstable.   Because of the high chances of getting caught or shot for drug dealing, many dealers quit before they have made enough money to support themselves for the rest of their lives.   Even so, there are drug dealers in America who make a huge amount of money selling to the rich and famous.   Indeed, the income of a drug dealer is dependent on the socioeconomic status of his or her customers.   The business is unregulated in most parts of the world, so therefore its prices are unregulated.   Moreover, the expanding drug business around the world proves that drug dealing must be highly profitable for numberless people.   The drug business must also have its role to play in global economic growth.   If it is underground, it does not necessarily mean that the business does not help the economy grow.   Thus, conv entional wisdom must always be questioned for the researchers to find the best possible answers to our burning questions.   Settling for less, that is, inappropriate albeit simplistic answers, is not sufficient for the level of intelligence that is conducive to high economic growth.

Hall of Fame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hall of Fame - Essay Example Hamilton was eighteen years old when he was drafted. Before being drafted, Hamilton played centered field and pitcher in high school and was clocked at an amazing 96mph when he pitched a fastball. Josh Hamilton was given the honor of North Carolina’s Player of the Year in 1997 and 1998. He also made the cover on an issue of Baseball America while he was still in high school. (Black Book Partners) While playing for the Tampa Bay minor league team, Josh was the youngest player ever to be invited to the All-star Futures Game. This is an annual game played the Sunday before the Major League All-star game featuring a matchup of top minor league prospects from all over the world. He was named Co-MVP of the Southern League and voted in as the Minor League Player of the year by USA Today. In 2003, Josh Hamilton began a long struggle with addictions to alcohol and drugs, particularly cocaine. He made attempts, though unsuccessful, at rehabilitation at the Betty Ford Clinic, and his use of drugs began to affect his efforts on the field and he was ultimately suspended from professional baseball. After all was said and done, Hamilton ended up losing his wife and children along with his home due to his severe drug problem. Vowing to get clean and sober, Josh Hamilton went to work at The Winning Inning complex in Clearwater, FL. The Winning Inning is a facility that teaches the fundamentals of baseball while providing strong Christian surroundings. Hamilton performed maintenance and janitorial duties while detoxifying himself and lessoning the hold alcohol and drugs had over him. Josh Hamilton returned to professional baseball in 2007. Hamilton was chosen by the Chicago Cubs in the Rule 5 Draft in December and allowed to return to Major League Baseball. He and was swiftly traded to the Cincinnati Reds that same year. He was then acquired by the Texas Rangers in 2008. Hamilton went on to win Player of the Month in both April and May of 2008. Josh Hamilton’s bigg est achievement in 2008 came when he set a record in the Home Run Derby that year by hitting an astounding twenty-eight homeruns in the first round of the competition (Press). Hamilton’s most recent accomplishment was his being named the 2010 American League’s Most Valuable Player. In addition to his on-field accomplishments after returning to baseball, Hamilton spends his free time speaking to large audiences around the country about his struggle with alcohol and drugs. The Hall of Fame for any sport or other activity is a showcase of the best participants in that field based on major accomplishments achieved throughout their careers. The Baseball Hall of Fame has a long and illustrious history including players from the first days of the game. There are many different reasons a player could be named to the Hall of Fame and while accomplishments on the field are a major factor, actions off of the field are of no less importance. Josh Hamilton received many honors prio r to playing Major League Baseball. He made a mistake by getting mixed up in drugs and alcohol that almost ruined his entire life. Instead of succumbing to his missteps, he used his single-minded determination to redeem himself both publicly and professionally. Josh humbled himself to performing duties such as cleaning and performing routine maintenance jobs instead of taking an easier approach to rehabilitation but teaching baseball fundamentals. Fortunately, the hard work combined with the baseball

Social Classes Of The 19th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Classes Of The 19th Century - Essay Example Social classes with more force generally subsidiary classes with less force. Social classes with a huge deal of power are mostly examined as elites, no less than inside their own communities. Throughout the 19th century, the middle class, too called the classes' bourgeoisie, cultivate from the groups of 18th century profitable and industrial entrepreneurs. At the similar time, many fresh occupations were formed which principally used mind skills somewhat than substantial labor; the amount of persons and families in these careers burst in number, generating a considerable, and ultimately prevailing, middle class. Marxism describes the bourgeoisie as the social class which attains revenues from ownership or business in capital benefit, or from profitable actions such as the purchasing and selling of goods, wares and services. Throughout the 19th century, the inferior, or working, class urbanized from the groups of 18th century customary rural farmers and laborers. At the similar time, some innovative professions were shaped which chiefly used material labor somewhat than mental skills; the number of individuals and families in these fields burst in number, creating an extensive lower class. The lower class was collected principally of workers in extractive, developing, and service industries, which were needy on wages and who chiefly, used physical abilities. The lower class was separated into professional sub-groupings of extremely skilled handcrafters, semi-skilled workforce, and unskillful laborers. Differences Between The Bourgeoisies And The Working Class Of The 19th Century According to 1Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) the configuration of class-awareness is by no means mechanical, as the alertness of social stratification might be only faintly formed or might be overshadowed by other fundamentals in social understanding. This means that we can locate out so far social stratification supported on economic relationships; the dissimilarities connecting class, status and command circumstances, and the method professions have been used to classify strata - the thoughts of individuality and measures. Geographical Mobility According to 2Weber two major social classes beneath capitalism are Class Who They Are And Their Property The petit bourgeoisie Those who own small businesses and are minor employers The manual working class Those who own nothing and have to sell their labour in order to live. Bourgeoisie and proletariat or the Working Class were 3Karl Marx's (1818-1883) own stipulations for the two classes he experimented in the industrialized society, which was all around him. 4"Our epoch, the epoch of the Bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat." Work Orientation Marx measured that the powerful disagreement among the bourgeoisie and the proletariat would explode into a growing by the proletariat alongside their opponents. This would, Marx measured, be the predictable outcome of the progress in society which he could see occurring. Temporary workers,

Social Policy On Community Care Mental Health Provision Social Work Essay

Social Policy On Community Care Mental Health Provision Social Work Essay Social policy is a governments application for welfare development and social protection carried out in the community. The Margret Thatchers conservative administration and Tony Blairs labor administration had different approaches towards the issue of community mental health care policy. The policy made vital steps towards the right direction but met obstacles on the way complicating its sustenance and achievement of desired goals. Generally it is believed that the policy did not meet its desired goals of helping the mentally ill patients in the communal setting. Community care is the British policy of, deinstitutionalization treating and caring for mentally disabled people in their homes rather than in an institution or hospital. Institutional care was the target of widespread criticism prompting the government of Margaret Thatcher to adopt a new provision of community mental health care. This was after the Audit Commission published a report called making a Reality of Community Care which outlined the advantages of domiciled care (Baker, 1986). Social policy is influenced by a number of factors that include needs of the population; demands from groups, priorities of the community, specific societal issues and critical incidents. The major intend of social policy on community care is to keep people in their homes where possible, instead of giving them care in other institutions. It was almost taken for granted that this policy was the best option from a humanitarian and moral perspective. It was also thought that the policy would be cheaper (Baker, 1986). Therefore this paper will focus on Margaret Thatchers conservative government and Tony Blairs labor government to see how their different policy approaches have impacted upon the provision of community care of mental health. The paper will also be analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of both parties to ascertain where they have helped and where they have displayed poor services. Finally the paper will conclude by giving an insight on the impact of the current social p olicy on community mental health care. Margaret Thatchers administration and community health care policy When Margaret Thatcher came to power in 1979, she made it clear that she would reduce public expenditure and make drastic changes for the betterment of the country.   She was acutely aware that Britains welfare state system needed urgent restructuring as it was costing the country too much money in the event putting the country into economic free fall.   Between 1979 and 1990 she successfully introduced changes to social policy, the organization and delivery of services and the role of the state welfare provision. As a result the era became known as Thatcherism. In 1983 the Mental Health Act was introduced by Margaret Thatchers government to  put in place safeguards for people within the hospital system. Section 117 of that act imposes a duty on district health authorities and social services departments in conjunction with voluntary agencies, to ensure that after Care service is provided for people after discharge from hospital. The approach taken by the conservative government to social problems was known as the market liberalism or neo-conservatism, and this was very influential in the way it operated. Thatcher believed in having a market economy allowing people to create their own wealth in the event taking care of themselves and their families without the interference of the government.   This approach was evident in the health care and community care reform brought on board in 1990. The aim of this act was to standardize and improve community care and establish duties for the English Health Authority.   This piece of legislations not only led the way in developing the new internal market system in health and social care but divided the organization of care into purchasers and providers of care thus creating an artificial market to increase efficiency.   It then caused a major development in the 1989 White Paper (Caring for people) as a response to the Griffins report. This was effectively putting the responsibility firmly at the doors of the health authorities and families thus freeing up more money to be put back into the system.   However, due to flaws within the assessments, lack of funding and the failing of community care, people were being discharged into the community without proper supervision, care, help and support. As a result of this some individuals became homeless ending up on the streets while some are being cared for by overstretched family with financial difficulties.   Despite of the positive approaches on Margaret Thatchers implementations she had some bad sides too.   As a result of these policies, a number of changes started to appear in the society, where members of families who suffered mental health had to rely on children to take care of them, which consequently put burden on them causing isolation, social exclusion and to some extent extreme poverty. Because of these negative impacts and lacking of a proper system in place for home care (proper monitoring and provision of communal health care officials to treat patients at home), Margaret Thatchers government was unable to adequately address the issue of community mental health care. Community mental care act 1990 In the act passed in 1990 on community care health services (NHS ACT 1990), individuals with mental problem difficulties were able to stay at their homes while being treated. This state of affairs raised concerns especially after some individuals with mental health problems were involved in violent behavior against members of the public. Even though the community has recorded a few murder cases caused by people having mental health difficulties, it is more probable that healthy individuals can as well attack the mentally ill. Mental Health is always portrayed in the media as negative but nothing has ever really been highlighted about the way people with mental ailments are being subjected to attacks and  abused on a daily basis from the general public. It is sad to note that no one seems to take account of their plight, not even the government.  So as much as this act made it possible for patients to be personally assigned specific community workers to monitor and take care of them, it posed a major risk in the community. These patients were under risk of being abused, attacked, neglected and untreated making the act look inefficient. Mental health patients eventually became uncontrollable ending up on the streets. These issues are usually prompting arguments between the public administration, health services officials and the department of social service on who should be held responsible of the whole matter. One such lack of help to detrimental effect was when Christopher Clunis, a mentally ill patie nt, stabbed and killed Jonathan Zito, an innocent person, in Finsbury Park tube station.   This could have been averted had there been proper home care and supervision provided.   These types of cases are common but there seems to be very little done to alleviate such tragedy. There ought to be no contentment therefore in ensuring good quality community care for patients with mental problems. The main challenges to the policy of the rundown traditional psychiatric hospital are the concern that homelessness is being increased among the mentally ill and the fear of public safety because of homicides by psychiatric patients (Mathews, 2002). Other issues involve appropriate assignment of social workers who would take care and monitor these patients. Over the last few years activists in opposition to community care have diverted their aggression to the concern of public safety. These has prompted the government of Britain to put into practice a key review on mental health policy. It is also apparent that issues on public safety are the ones driving the review. Tony Blairs governments approach on community mental health care When Tony Blair was elected the people had high expectation that he would put in order the NHS system.  Ã‚   Although he did not have any viable alternatives to the existing policies of Margaret Thatcher, he ridiculed them. He even used the same strategy to in his campaign resulting in a NHS historian, Charles Webster, calling it the meanest spending package on the health service since the second world war.  His promise to the people of the country was that he would not cause any structural upheaval to the NHS but he would carry out some reform which would be gradual involving consultation and experimentation. Unlike the decentralization that Margaret Thatcher adopted in her era which was against the nanny state mentality, the approach adopted by Tony Blair was that of a democratic society. Despite his belief that the government should play a greater part in monitoring what goes on in the society and intervene when necessary to ensure that fairness, he was tolerant with the idea of free enterprise. It has now been a decade since Tony Blairs government vouched that they would tackle the NHS mental health service with vigor promising that equal priority would be given to mental health issues as that of heart disease and other ailments. This is what was stated by the then health secretary Frank Dobson in 1999. The National Services Framework for mental health 1999 (ten years plan) promised seven standards of care and treatment, these standards included primary care, access to services, prevention of suicide   and caring about careers. Regardless of this the labor government under Tony Blair made some changes within the health service. His successor Gordon Brown is worse as he has not made much with the NHS. He set his sight on more cuts and closures which effectively caused more damage to an already damaged NHS.   He has not carried out the National Service Framework 1999 that had been promised by the labor government, so together they have failed to effectively implement the policies even though they have been in power considerably long. Their failures are also manifested further as the national frame work for mental health deadline expired last month and yet it still did not meet its targets. However the department of health announced a package of measures in January 2009 for the design and development of single sex accommodation within the health system. This will include a  £100 million Privacy and Dignity Fund for improvements and adjustments to accommodations. The new initiative came into effect as of Ap ril 2010 which was a big step in ensuring privacy needs of male and female patients are fully met. Still some changes have been made by the two previous governments and their respective leaders (the Margaret Thatchers conservative party (1979) and Tony Blairs 1997 labor party), with regards to the implementations of the Mental Health Act 1983 the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, and the National Service Framework Act 1999.   Even though it still appears that not much has been done to help especially members of the ethnic minority groups. There are still disparities in the way services are being distributed and how they are being treated as patients compared to their white counterparts.   For example, they are discriminated against  more and are more likely to be given higher dosages of anti-psychotic drugs or sometimes even put into seclusion. The Community Care Act 1990 was put in place mainly as a cost effective measure, thereby moving people with mental health issues out of hospitals into the community. However, some people are still not receiving the necessary care that was promised by the government, although to some extent they are being empowered by being encouraged to be more proactive in their own assessment and  care plans. Of late these provisions are ineffective as they do not meet the required specification. The organization of health services concerned with mental problem was simple previously before the current NHS and social reforms came into play. The government was responsible of the NHS and controlled fund allocation, functionality, and supervision of these health services. Local government played a very small role in the care for mentally ill individuals, there main was in housing and social work sustenance. Initially, it was the responsibility of sanatorium community divide. In the 1980s important reforms were made to both the NHS and social services. These reforms were largely aimed at changing the management arrangements for delivering general health care in the NHS and at reforming the community care of elderly people provided by social services. Little thought was apparently given to how the reforms would affect the care of mentally ill people. We believe that these changes, each of which on their own might have been valuable, have combined to damage provision of care, at least for severely mentally ill patients (Mathews, 2002). Mental health policy defines the vision for the future mental health of the population, specifying the framework which will be put in place to manage and prevent priority mental and neurological disorders. Therefore as shown in this paper the approach to the social policy on community care and mental health should focus on communal mental health problems and generate solutions for curbing these predicaments. The primary aim of this policy is to identify the most useful and efficient measure to successfully address these issues. On other hand the bringing of new policies in the mental health sector has totally transformed mental community care provision. Simple systems have been replaced with complicated organizational and financial structures requiring almost impossible feats by local health and social service staff to coordinate care for patients to whom continuity of care is critical for their survival in the community (Mathews, 2002). Critical mentally ill individuals are ensnared by these problematical issues. The formation of a community care authority that is localized which is accountable for the issue at hand could be the best solution.

Mall Culture In Cities

City outskirts are sprouting malls. Will they help decongest Bangalore? Mall culture is here to stay and new malls coming up on the city outskirts seem to be offering a ray of hope to the jam-packed city centre. Hopefully, these will cater to the lifestyle needs of people living beyond the Outer Ring Road. But will it be a boon? Expert opinion has it that if planned and executed properly, malls can keep people from travelling into the city for their leisure. This will reduce traffic within the city, many feel.According to town planner Swati Ramanathan, â€Å"It is a fact that we do need more malls. The purchasing power of people has increased and malls do provide people with several options. But they have to be strategically positioned and they can't afford to have poor facilities just because they are on the outskirts.† Says traffic expert MN Sreehari, â€Å"Malls in the outskirts will definitely give relief to clogged streets in the city.†He believes that Bangalore as a city needs and can house around 70 malls. â€Å"The correct ratio is one mall for one lakh people. This is how it has been done in the west,† he says. But architect Kevin Ross says, â€Å"When people put up structures like malls, theatres and restaurants in the outskirts, they normally cut corners. They wouldn't try it within the city because market needs demand the next structure is better than existing one. If the malls coming up in the outskirts are not upto the mark, they will fall flat and fail to attract crowds.You will still have people coming all the way from Yelahanka and Hebbal and going to Koramangala for a mall experience.† There's the case of a city multiplex that opened with a lot of promise in the outskirts, but once other multiplexes opened up in the city centre, people didn't mind travelling the distance for a more swanky experience.Swati cautions, â€Å"We can't have the market dictate where and how the malls should be. Government agencies need to be activated to look into permits for these malls. Otherwise we'll be Gurgaoned.Every third building is a mall in Gurgaon. This will result in ghost malls. One mall will attract everybody and We'll have the same problems of congestion and road blocks all over again.†She feels that it is the government agencies which need to look into the density of population in various areas and allow for malls to come up in the right zones. †¦Says Ramesh Reddy, who's invested in a mall, â€Å"Colleges, IT companies and even hospitals have gone to the outskirts. I feel if malls are put up just outside residential areas, they will have takers.†Leena M, a young professional, says, â€Å"We need to follow the Mumbai model. The city is spread out and each suburb has it's own mall nucleus.† But for this to happen in Bangalore, it will take some time, she says.Swathi adds that town planners need to have the foresight to plan for this sort of growth. It needs detailed planning. à ¢â‚¬Å"In our governance, forget about detailed planning, there's no planning at all,† she says.Sreehari believes that malls need to operate for at least 20 hours a day. He adds that in cities like Singapore, malls are open 24 hours. This has to happen eventually for malls to be really successful.

Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men

Sample Teacher Interview Questions Teacher Relationships With Students 1. What kind of students do you like to work with? What type of students could you teach most effectively? 2. You give an assignment. A student ridicules the assignment, saying it doesn’t make sense. What would you do? 3. How do you help students experience success? 4. How would you individualize instruction for students? 5. What procedures do you use to evaluate student progress besides using tests? 6. How would you challenge the slow learner and the advanced learner within the same class? 7. What would your students say about you?Teacher Relationships With Colleagues 9. Tell us about yourself, and specifically what brought you to want to be an English, math, science teacher? 10. What is your philosophy about teaching English, math, science? 1. What kind of teachers would you prefer to work with? Why? 2. What activities would you like to work with in our school? 3. What quality or qualities do you have tha t would enhance our teaching staff? 4. What are some personality characteristics you find undesirable in people? 5. Who should be responsible for discipline in a school? Why? 6. What needs and/or expectations do you have of the school administration? . How do you collaborate with your colleagues? Teacher Relationships With Parents 1. What do you feel is the most effective way to communicate with parents? Describe how you have used this/these technique(s). 2. Describe the reasons why you would contact parents. 3. What would you include in your Open House presentations to parents? 4. What community activities would you like to be associated with? Why? Instructional Techniques 1. Describe any school experience you have had, particularly in student teaching (or in another teaching position) that has prepared you for a full-time position at our school. . How would you integrate technology into the curriculum you would teach? 3. Describe any innovative projects you have been involved in d eveloping. 4. Give an example of how you have used cooperative learning in your classroom. 5. What four words would students use to describe your teaching strategies? 6. What rules do you have for your classroom . Describe your teaching style and how you accommodate the different learning styles of the students in your classes. 8. What do you consider to be your strengths and how will you use them in your teaching? 9.In what ways do you keep students on task and well behaved during collaborative group activities? A Potpourri of Topics and Background Information 1. Why did you choose to become a teacher? 2. What are your hobbies and interests? 3. What are your plans for continuing your professional growth? 4. Tell me about an interesting article you have read recently in a professional journal. 5. What contributions can you make to our school? 6. What current trends in public education please you? Displease you? 7. Tell me about the three people who have most influenced your own educ ation and educational career. . Tell us about a golden teaching moment? Questions for Management Expertise1. Describe the management strategies and techniques you use to maintain an effective classroom environment2. In what ways do you keep students on task and well behaved during collaborative group activities? 3. Describe your expectations for student behavior? In other words, if I were to enter your class on an average day, what should I expect to see with regard to student behavior? 4. Keith is your busy seventh-grader. He is constantly moving in your class and always ready to throw spitballs.Although his behavior is not seriously disruptive, it is annoying. He is especially active when he believes that you cannot see him. How would you deal with this situation? 5. Describe the management strategies and techniques you use to maintain an effective classroom environment6. Describe your expectations for student behavior? In other words, if I were to enter your class on an average d ay, what should I expect to see with regard to student behavior? 7. Keith is your busy seventh-grader. He is constantly moving in your class and always ready to throw spitballs.Although his behavior is not seriously disruptive, it is annoying. He is especially active when he believes that you cannot see him. How would you deal with this situation? Personal Characteristics Questions1. How would a colleague describe you? 2. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a teacher? 3. As a teacher, how do you relate to students, colleagues, and parents? 4. What do you consider to be a major issue in public education today? Questions for Content Area Expertise:1. Describe your knowledge and experience with the California content standards applicable to your content area. . Describe any specific areas of strength within your content area (e,g. , Physical Science, Writing Workshop, Algebra, etc. ). 3. If you could teach just one grade level and subject within your content area, what would you choose? Why? 4. What sorts of assessment, both formal and informal, do you view as being important indicators of successful performance for students learning your content area? 5. If you could teach any novel, what would it be and what would your students be doing? 6. How do you adjust for reading level differences within your classroom?Questions for English Learner Expertise:1. We have a large number of English learners in our district. What knowledge and experience do you have that is representative of your ability to teach English learners? 2. What knowledge and experience do you have regarding the California English Language Development Standards? 3. Imagine that you are teaching a â€Å"regular† mainstream class in your content area. A new student arrives in your class one day, and you soon find out that this student possesses only limited English fluency (that is, some oral fluency but very limited reading and writing fluency).You realize that this is probably not the c orrect placement for the student, so you approach the counselor in charge of scheduling students. You are told that there is no room in the other classrooms for the foreseeable future and that you will just have to do the best you can. What would you do to accommodate this student until a better placement comes up? 4. In what ways, both formal and informal, might you assess a student with limited English fluency to be sure the student is truly learning the content of your course curriculum? Short Interview Questions § How would a colleague describe you? What are your strengths and weaknesses as a teacher?  § As a teacher, how do you relate to students, colleagues, and parents?  § What do you consider to be a major issue in public education today?  § Describe your knowledge and experience with the California content standards applicable to your content area.  § Describe any specific areas of strength within your content area (e,g. , Physical Science, Writing Workshop, Algeb ra, etc. ).  § If you could teach just one grade level and subject within your content area, what would you choose? Why? What sorts of assessment, both formal and informal, do you view as being important indicators of successful performance for students learning your content area?  § We have a large number of English learners in our district. What knowledge and experience do you have that is representative of your ability to teach English learners?  § Imagine that you are teaching a â€Å"regular† mainstream class in your content area. A new student arrives in your class one day, and you soon find out that this student possesses only limited English fluency (that is, some oral fluency but very limited reading and writing fluency).You realize that this is probably not the correct placement for the student, so you approach the counselor in charge of scheduling students. You are told that there is no room in the other classrooms for the foreseeable future and that you will just have to do the best you can. What would you do to accommodate this student until a better placement comes up?  § In what ways, both formal and informal, might you assess a student with limited English fluency to be sure the student is truly learning the content of your course curriculum?  § Discuss a curriculum project you developed which generated high motivation and engagement among your students.Tell us what the project looked like and what resources you used to develop it.  § How do you feel about participating in an advisory period or other master-scheduled differences?  § What kinds of strategies do you use to challenge students to have an in-depth understanding of mathematics, science, English literature?  § What strategies do you use to make curriculum meaningful and relevant to students?  § Since we will be held accountable for standardized test results, what will you do in the area of curriculum development to e3nsure that students do well on the test wit hout teaching the test? Describe the evaluation instruments you use to assess student learning.  § Describe your ideas for ensuring that you have positive communication with parents and the larger community.  § What do you envision will be your biggest challenge this year?  § How do you excel in working with students from diverse populations?  § Why are you interested in working at this school?  § Share with us your philosophy of teaching and learning?  § What is the role/responsibility of a teacher in a classroom?  § Tell us about a time when a student really got what you were hoping they would. An â€Å"Ah HA† moment. Why do you think students from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds do not excel in school in comparison to more traditional students?  § What kinds of things can be done to compensate for inadequacies in English or prior knowledge?  § Tell us about your approach to classroom discipline – how do you ensure your students are on- task, and what steps do you take when they are not?  § What do you think was your most successful lesson you have taught and why?  § What was the most challenging lesson you have had to teach, and how did you overcome the obstacles?  § What would be the ideal teaching position be? |